mirror of
https://github.com/JasonYANG170/IOTConnect-Web.git
synced 2024-11-23 20:26:28 +00:00
1648 lines
55 KiB
Markdown
1648 lines
55 KiB
Markdown
<h3 align="center">
|
||
Platinum sponsors
|
||
<br>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
|
||
<div align="center">
|
||
<a href="https://runalloy.com?utm_source=github&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=121423_axios">
|
||
<picture>
|
||
<source width="400px" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://github.com/axios/axios/assets/4814473/f6067247-7eba-4069-852a-ab1bb85b1780">
|
||
<source width="400px" media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="https://github.com/axios/axios/assets/4814473/75c37f4d-36e6-44f5-a068-3edd77c00a10">
|
||
<img width="400px" src="https://github.com/axios/axios/assets/4814473/75c37f4d-36e6-44f5-a068-3edd77c00a10" />
|
||
</picture>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<p align="center">Alloy is the integration development platform that makes it simple and <br>fast for SaaS companies to launch critical user-facing integrations.</p>
|
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<p align="center">
|
||
<a href="https://runalloy.com/signup?utm_source=github&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=11823_axios"><b>Sign up free</b></a> •
|
||
<a href="https://docs.runalloy.com/docs?utm_source=github&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=11823_axios"><b>Documentation</b></a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<br><br>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<h3 align="center">
|
||
Gold sponsors
|
||
<br><br>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
|
||
<div align="center">
|
||
<a href="https://stytch.com?utm_source=oss-sponsorship&utm_medium=paid_sponsorship&utm_content=logo&utm_campaign=axios-http">
|
||
<picture>
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||
<source width="200px" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://github.com/axios/axios/assets/4814473/538d715a-13c7-4668-ae7d-37a4548423f4">
|
||
<source width="200px" media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="https://github.com/axios/axios/assets/4814473/b6a9a7bc-9fb1-4b9b-909f-1b4bee1fd142">
|
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<img width="200px" src="https://github.com/axios/axios/assets/4814473/b6a9a7bc-9fb1-4b9b-909f-1b4bee1fd142" />
|
||
</picture>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<p align="center">API-first authentication, authorization, and fraud prevention</p>
|
||
<p align="center">
|
||
<a href="https://stytch.com?utm_source=oss-sponsorship&utm_medium=paid_sponsorship&utm_content=website-link&utm_campaign=axios-http"><b>Website</b></a> •
|
||
<a href="https://stytch.com/docs?utm_source=oss-sponsorship&utm_medium=paid_sponsorship&utm_content=docs-link&utm_campaign=axios-http"><b>Documentation</b></a> • <a href="https://github.com/stytchauth/stytch-node?utm_source=oss-sponsorship&utm_medium=paid_sponsorship&utm_content=node-sdk&utm_campaign=axios-http"><b>Node.js Backend SDK</b></a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<br><br>
|
||
<div align="center">
|
||
<a href="https://axios-http.com"><img src="https://axios-http.com/assets/logo.svg" /></a><br>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<p align="center">Promise based HTTP client for the browser and node.js</p>
|
||
|
||
<p align="center">
|
||
<a href="https://axios-http.com/"><b>Website</b></a> •
|
||
<a href="https://axios-http.com/docs/intro"><b>Documentation</b></a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<div align="center">
|
||
|
||
[](https://www.npmjs.org/package/axios)
|
||
[](https://cdnjs.com/libraries/axios)
|
||
[](https://github.com/axios/axios/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
|
||
[](https://gitpod.io/#https://github.com/axios/axios)
|
||
[](https://coveralls.io/r/mzabriskie/axios)
|
||
[](https://packagephobia.now.sh/result?p=axios)
|
||
[](https://bundlephobia.com/package/axios@latest)
|
||
[](https://npm-stat.com/charts.html?package=axios)
|
||
[](https://gitter.im/mzabriskie/axios)
|
||
[](https://www.codetriage.com/axios/axios)
|
||
[](https://snyk.io/test/npm/axios)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
## Table of Contents
|
||
|
||
- [Features](#features)
|
||
- [Browser Support](#browser-support)
|
||
- [Installing](#installing)
|
||
- [Package manager](#package-manager)
|
||
- [CDN](#cdn)
|
||
- [Example](#example)
|
||
- [Axios API](#axios-api)
|
||
- [Request method aliases](#request-method-aliases)
|
||
- [Concurrency 👎](#concurrency-deprecated)
|
||
- [Creating an instance](#creating-an-instance)
|
||
- [Instance methods](#instance-methods)
|
||
- [Request Config](#request-config)
|
||
- [Response Schema](#response-schema)
|
||
- [Config Defaults](#config-defaults)
|
||
- [Global axios defaults](#global-axios-defaults)
|
||
- [Custom instance defaults](#custom-instance-defaults)
|
||
- [Config order of precedence](#config-order-of-precedence)
|
||
- [Interceptors](#interceptors)
|
||
- [Multiple Interceptors](#multiple-interceptors)
|
||
- [Handling Errors](#handling-errors)
|
||
- [Cancellation](#cancellation)
|
||
- [AbortController](#abortcontroller)
|
||
- [CancelToken 👎](#canceltoken-deprecated)
|
||
- [Using application/x-www-form-urlencoded format](#using-applicationx-www-form-urlencoded-format)
|
||
- [URLSearchParams](#urlsearchparams)
|
||
- [Query string](#query-string-older-browsers)
|
||
- [🆕 Automatic serialization](#-automatic-serialization-to-urlsearchparams)
|
||
- [Using multipart/form-data format](#using-multipartform-data-format)
|
||
- [FormData](#formdata)
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||
- [🆕 Automatic serialization](#-automatic-serialization-to-formdata)
|
||
- [Files Posting](#files-posting)
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||
- [HTML Form Posting](#-html-form-posting-browser)
|
||
- [🆕 Progress capturing](#-progress-capturing)
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||
- [🆕 Rate limiting](#-progress-capturing)
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||
- [🆕 AxiosHeaders](#-axiosheaders)
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||
- [Semver](#semver)
|
||
- [Promises](#promises)
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||
- [TypeScript](#typescript)
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||
- [Resources](#resources)
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||
- [Credits](#credits)
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||
- [License](#license)
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||
|
||
## Features
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||
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||
- Make [XMLHttpRequests](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest) from the browser
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||
- Make [http](https://nodejs.org/api/http.html) requests from node.js
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||
- Supports the [Promise](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise) API
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||
- Intercept request and response
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||
- Transform request and response data
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||
- Cancel requests
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||
- Automatic transforms for [JSON](https://www.json.org/json-en.html) data
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||
- 🆕 Automatic data object serialization to `multipart/form-data` and `x-www-form-urlencoded` body encodings
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||
- Client side support for protecting against [XSRF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery)
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||
|
||
## Browser Support
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||
|
||
 |  |  |  |  |  |
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||
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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||
Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | 11 ✔ |
|
||
|
||
[](https://saucelabs.com/u/axios)
|
||
|
||
## Installing
|
||
|
||
### Package manager
|
||
|
||
Using npm:
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||
|
||
```bash
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||
$ npm install axios
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||
```
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||
|
||
Using bower:
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||
|
||
```bash
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||
$ bower install axios
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||
```
|
||
|
||
Using yarn:
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||
|
||
```bash
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||
$ yarn add axios
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||
```
|
||
|
||
Using pnpm:
|
||
|
||
```bash
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||
$ pnpm add axios
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||
```
|
||
|
||
Once the package is installed, you can import the library using `import` or `require` approach:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
import axios, {isCancel, AxiosError} from 'axios';
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
You can also use the default export, since the named export is just a re-export from the Axios factory:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
import axios from 'axios';
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||
|
||
console.log(axios.isCancel('something'));
|
||
````
|
||
|
||
If you use `require` for importing, **only default export is available**:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const axios = require('axios');
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||
|
||
console.log(axios.isCancel('something'));
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
For cases where something went wrong when trying to import a module into a custom or legacy environment,
|
||
you can try importing the module package directly:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const axios = require('axios/dist/browser/axios.cjs'); // browser commonJS bundle (ES2017)
|
||
// const axios = require('axios/dist/node/axios.cjs'); // node commonJS bundle (ES2017)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### CDN
|
||
|
||
Using jsDelivr CDN (ES5 UMD browser module):
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios@1.1.2/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Using unpkg CDN:
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios@1.1.2/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Example
|
||
|
||
> **Note**: CommonJS usage
|
||
> In order to gain the TypeScript typings (for intellisense / autocomplete) while using CommonJS imports with `require()`, use the following approach:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
import axios from 'axios';
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||
//const axios = require('axios'); // legacy way
|
||
|
||
// Make a request for a user with a given ID
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||
axios.get('/user?ID=12345')
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||
.then(function (response) {
|
||
// handle success
|
||
console.log(response);
|
||
})
|
||
.catch(function (error) {
|
||
// handle error
|
||
console.log(error);
|
||
})
|
||
.finally(function () {
|
||
// always executed
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
// Optionally the request above could also be done as
|
||
axios.get('/user', {
|
||
params: {
|
||
ID: 12345
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
.then(function (response) {
|
||
console.log(response);
|
||
})
|
||
.catch(function (error) {
|
||
console.log(error);
|
||
})
|
||
.finally(function () {
|
||
// always executed
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
// Want to use async/await? Add the `async` keyword to your outer function/method.
|
||
async function getUser() {
|
||
try {
|
||
const response = await axios.get('/user?ID=12345');
|
||
console.log(response);
|
||
} catch (error) {
|
||
console.error(error);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
> **Note**: `async/await` is part of ECMAScript 2017 and is not supported in Internet
|
||
> Explorer and older browsers, so use with caution.
|
||
|
||
Performing a `POST` request
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
axios.post('/user', {
|
||
firstName: 'Fred',
|
||
lastName: 'Flintstone'
|
||
})
|
||
.then(function (response) {
|
||
console.log(response);
|
||
})
|
||
.catch(function (error) {
|
||
console.log(error);
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Performing multiple concurrent requests
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
function getUserAccount() {
|
||
return axios.get('/user/12345');
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function getUserPermissions() {
|
||
return axios.get('/user/12345/permissions');
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
Promise.all([getUserAccount(), getUserPermissions()])
|
||
.then(function (results) {
|
||
const acct = results[0];
|
||
const perm = results[1];
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## axios API
|
||
|
||
Requests can be made by passing the relevant config to `axios`.
|
||
|
||
##### axios(config)
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
// Send a POST request
|
||
axios({
|
||
method: 'post',
|
||
url: '/user/12345',
|
||
data: {
|
||
firstName: 'Fred',
|
||
lastName: 'Flintstone'
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
// GET request for remote image in node.js
|
||
axios({
|
||
method: 'get',
|
||
url: 'https://bit.ly/2mTM3nY',
|
||
responseType: 'stream'
|
||
})
|
||
.then(function (response) {
|
||
response.data.pipe(fs.createWriteStream('ada_lovelace.jpg'))
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
##### axios(url[, config])
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
// Send a GET request (default method)
|
||
axios('/user/12345');
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Request method aliases
|
||
|
||
For convenience, aliases have been provided for all common request methods.
|
||
|
||
##### axios.request(config)
|
||
##### axios.get(url[, config])
|
||
##### axios.delete(url[, config])
|
||
##### axios.head(url[, config])
|
||
##### axios.options(url[, config])
|
||
##### axios.post(url[, data[, config]])
|
||
##### axios.put(url[, data[, config]])
|
||
##### axios.patch(url[, data[, config]])
|
||
|
||
###### NOTE
|
||
When using the alias methods `url`, `method`, and `data` properties don't need to be specified in config.
|
||
|
||
### Concurrency (Deprecated)
|
||
Please use `Promise.all` to replace the below functions.
|
||
|
||
Helper functions for dealing with concurrent requests.
|
||
|
||
axios.all(iterable)
|
||
axios.spread(callback)
|
||
|
||
### Creating an instance
|
||
|
||
You can create a new instance of axios with a custom config.
|
||
|
||
##### axios.create([config])
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const instance = axios.create({
|
||
baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
|
||
timeout: 1000,
|
||
headers: {'X-Custom-Header': 'foobar'}
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Instance methods
|
||
|
||
The available instance methods are listed below. The specified config will be merged with the instance config.
|
||
|
||
##### axios#request(config)
|
||
##### axios#get(url[, config])
|
||
##### axios#delete(url[, config])
|
||
##### axios#head(url[, config])
|
||
##### axios#options(url[, config])
|
||
##### axios#post(url[, data[, config]])
|
||
##### axios#put(url[, data[, config]])
|
||
##### axios#patch(url[, data[, config]])
|
||
##### axios#getUri([config])
|
||
|
||
## Request Config
|
||
|
||
These are the available config options for making requests. Only the `url` is required. Requests will default to `GET` if `method` is not specified.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
{
|
||
// `url` is the server URL that will be used for the request
|
||
url: '/user',
|
||
|
||
// `method` is the request method to be used when making the request
|
||
method: 'get', // default
|
||
|
||
// `baseURL` will be prepended to `url` unless `url` is absolute.
|
||
// It can be convenient to set `baseURL` for an instance of axios to pass relative URLs
|
||
// to methods of that instance.
|
||
baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
|
||
|
||
// `transformRequest` allows changes to the request data before it is sent to the server
|
||
// This is only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'PATCH' and 'DELETE'
|
||
// The last function in the array must return a string or an instance of Buffer, ArrayBuffer,
|
||
// FormData or Stream
|
||
// You may modify the headers object.
|
||
transformRequest: [function (data, headers) {
|
||
// Do whatever you want to transform the data
|
||
|
||
return data;
|
||
}],
|
||
|
||
// `transformResponse` allows changes to the response data to be made before
|
||
// it is passed to then/catch
|
||
transformResponse: [function (data) {
|
||
// Do whatever you want to transform the data
|
||
|
||
return data;
|
||
}],
|
||
|
||
// `headers` are custom headers to be sent
|
||
headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},
|
||
|
||
// `params` are the URL parameters to be sent with the request
|
||
// Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object
|
||
params: {
|
||
ID: 12345
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
// `paramsSerializer` is an optional config that allows you to customize serializing `params`.
|
||
paramsSerializer: {
|
||
|
||
//Custom encoder function which sends key/value pairs in an iterative fashion.
|
||
encode?: (param: string): string => { /* Do custom operations here and return transformed string */ },
|
||
|
||
// Custom serializer function for the entire parameter. Allows user to mimic pre 1.x behaviour.
|
||
serialize?: (params: Record<string, any>, options?: ParamsSerializerOptions ),
|
||
|
||
//Configuration for formatting array indexes in the params.
|
||
indexes: false // Three available options: (1) indexes: null (leads to no brackets), (2) (default) indexes: false (leads to empty brackets), (3) indexes: true (leads to brackets with indexes).
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
// `data` is the data to be sent as the request body
|
||
// Only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'DELETE , and 'PATCH'
|
||
// When no `transformRequest` is set, must be of one of the following types:
|
||
// - string, plain object, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, URLSearchParams
|
||
// - Browser only: FormData, File, Blob
|
||
// - Node only: Stream, Buffer, FormData (form-data package)
|
||
data: {
|
||
firstName: 'Fred'
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
// syntax alternative to send data into the body
|
||
// method post
|
||
// only the value is sent, not the key
|
||
data: 'Country=Brasil&City=Belo Horizonte',
|
||
|
||
// `timeout` specifies the number of milliseconds before the request times out.
|
||
// If the request takes longer than `timeout`, the request will be aborted.
|
||
timeout: 1000, // default is `0` (no timeout)
|
||
|
||
// `withCredentials` indicates whether or not cross-site Access-Control requests
|
||
// should be made using credentials
|
||
withCredentials: false, // default
|
||
|
||
// `adapter` allows custom handling of requests which makes testing easier.
|
||
// Return a promise and supply a valid response (see lib/adapters/README.md).
|
||
adapter: function (config) {
|
||
/* ... */
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
// `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used, and supplies credentials.
|
||
// This will set an `Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
|
||
// `Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
|
||
// Please note that only HTTP Basic auth is configurable through this parameter.
|
||
// For Bearer tokens and such, use `Authorization` custom headers instead.
|
||
auth: {
|
||
username: 'janedoe',
|
||
password: 's00pers3cret'
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
// `responseType` indicates the type of data that the server will respond with
|
||
// options are: 'arraybuffer', 'document', 'json', 'text', 'stream'
|
||
// browser only: 'blob'
|
||
responseType: 'json', // default
|
||
|
||
// `responseEncoding` indicates encoding to use for decoding responses (Node.js only)
|
||
// Note: Ignored for `responseType` of 'stream' or client-side requests
|
||
responseEncoding: 'utf8', // default
|
||
|
||
// `xsrfCookieName` is the name of the cookie to use as a value for xsrf token
|
||
xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN', // default
|
||
|
||
// `xsrfHeaderName` is the name of the http header that carries the xsrf token value
|
||
xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN', // default
|
||
|
||
// `undefined` (default) - set XSRF header only for the same origin requests
|
||
withXSRFToken: boolean | undefined | ((config: InternalAxiosRequestConfig) => boolean | undefined),
|
||
|
||
// `onUploadProgress` allows handling of progress events for uploads
|
||
// browser & node.js
|
||
onUploadProgress: function ({loaded, total, progress, bytes, estimated, rate, upload = true}) {
|
||
// Do whatever you want with the Axios progress event
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
// `onDownloadProgress` allows handling of progress events for downloads
|
||
// browser & node.js
|
||
onDownloadProgress: function ({loaded, total, progress, bytes, estimated, rate, download = true}) {
|
||
// Do whatever you want with the Axios progress event
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
// `maxContentLength` defines the max size of the http response content in bytes allowed in node.js
|
||
maxContentLength: 2000,
|
||
|
||
// `maxBodyLength` (Node only option) defines the max size of the http request content in bytes allowed
|
||
maxBodyLength: 2000,
|
||
|
||
// `validateStatus` defines whether to resolve or reject the promise for a given
|
||
// HTTP response status code. If `validateStatus` returns `true` (or is set to `null`
|
||
// or `undefined`), the promise will be resolved; otherwise, the promise will be
|
||
// rejected.
|
||
validateStatus: function (status) {
|
||
return status >= 200 && status < 300; // default
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
// `maxRedirects` defines the maximum number of redirects to follow in node.js.
|
||
// If set to 0, no redirects will be followed.
|
||
maxRedirects: 21, // default
|
||
|
||
// `beforeRedirect` defines a function that will be called before redirect.
|
||
// Use this to adjust the request options upon redirecting,
|
||
// to inspect the latest response headers,
|
||
// or to cancel the request by throwing an error
|
||
// If maxRedirects is set to 0, `beforeRedirect` is not used.
|
||
beforeRedirect: (options, { headers }) => {
|
||
if (options.hostname === "example.com") {
|
||
options.auth = "user:password";
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
// `socketPath` defines a UNIX Socket to be used in node.js.
|
||
// e.g. '/var/run/docker.sock' to send requests to the docker daemon.
|
||
// Only either `socketPath` or `proxy` can be specified.
|
||
// If both are specified, `socketPath` is used.
|
||
socketPath: null, // default
|
||
|
||
// `transport` determines the transport method that will be used to make the request. If defined, it will be used. Otherwise, if `maxRedirects` is 0, the default `http` or `https` library will be used, depending on the protocol specified in `protocol`. Otherwise, the `httpFollow` or `httpsFollow` library will be used, again depending on the protocol, which can handle redirects.
|
||
transport: undefined, // default
|
||
|
||
// `httpAgent` and `httpsAgent` define a custom agent to be used when performing http
|
||
// and https requests, respectively, in node.js. This allows options to be added like
|
||
// `keepAlive` that are not enabled by default.
|
||
httpAgent: new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),
|
||
httpsAgent: new https.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),
|
||
|
||
// `proxy` defines the hostname, port, and protocol of the proxy server.
|
||
// You can also define your proxy using the conventional `http_proxy` and
|
||
// `https_proxy` environment variables. If you are using environment variables
|
||
// for your proxy configuration, you can also define a `no_proxy` environment
|
||
// variable as a comma-separated list of domains that should not be proxied.
|
||
// Use `false` to disable proxies, ignoring environment variables.
|
||
// `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used to connect to the proxy, and
|
||
// supplies credentials.
|
||
// This will set an `Proxy-Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
|
||
// `Proxy-Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
|
||
// If the proxy server uses HTTPS, then you must set the protocol to `https`.
|
||
proxy: {
|
||
protocol: 'https',
|
||
host: '127.0.0.1',
|
||
// hostname: '127.0.0.1' // Takes precedence over 'host' if both are defined
|
||
port: 9000,
|
||
auth: {
|
||
username: 'mikeymike',
|
||
password: 'rapunz3l'
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
// `cancelToken` specifies a cancel token that can be used to cancel the request
|
||
// (see Cancellation section below for details)
|
||
cancelToken: new CancelToken(function (cancel) {
|
||
}),
|
||
|
||
// an alternative way to cancel Axios requests using AbortController
|
||
signal: new AbortController().signal,
|
||
|
||
// `decompress` indicates whether or not the response body should be decompressed
|
||
// automatically. If set to `true` will also remove the 'content-encoding' header
|
||
// from the responses objects of all decompressed responses
|
||
// - Node only (XHR cannot turn off decompression)
|
||
decompress: true, // default
|
||
|
||
// `insecureHTTPParser` boolean.
|
||
// Indicates where to use an insecure HTTP parser that accepts invalid HTTP headers.
|
||
// This may allow interoperability with non-conformant HTTP implementations.
|
||
// Using the insecure parser should be avoided.
|
||
// see options https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v12.x/docs/api/http.html#http_http_request_url_options_callback
|
||
// see also https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/february-2020-security-releases/#strict-http-header-parsing-none
|
||
insecureHTTPParser: undefined, // default
|
||
|
||
// transitional options for backward compatibility that may be removed in the newer versions
|
||
transitional: {
|
||
// silent JSON parsing mode
|
||
// `true` - ignore JSON parsing errors and set response.data to null if parsing failed (old behaviour)
|
||
// `false` - throw SyntaxError if JSON parsing failed (Note: responseType must be set to 'json')
|
||
silentJSONParsing: true, // default value for the current Axios version
|
||
|
||
// try to parse the response string as JSON even if `responseType` is not 'json'
|
||
forcedJSONParsing: true,
|
||
|
||
// throw ETIMEDOUT error instead of generic ECONNABORTED on request timeouts
|
||
clarifyTimeoutError: false,
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
env: {
|
||
// The FormData class to be used to automatically serialize the payload into a FormData object
|
||
FormData: window?.FormData || global?.FormData
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
formSerializer: {
|
||
visitor: (value, key, path, helpers) => {}; // custom visitor function to serialize form values
|
||
dots: boolean; // use dots instead of brackets format
|
||
metaTokens: boolean; // keep special endings like {} in parameter key
|
||
indexes: boolean; // array indexes format null - no brackets, false - empty brackets, true - brackets with indexes
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
// http adapter only (node.js)
|
||
maxRate: [
|
||
100 * 1024, // 100KB/s upload limit,
|
||
100 * 1024 // 100KB/s download limit
|
||
]
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Response Schema
|
||
|
||
The response for a request contains the following information.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
{
|
||
// `data` is the response that was provided by the server
|
||
data: {},
|
||
|
||
// `status` is the HTTP status code from the server response
|
||
status: 200,
|
||
|
||
// `statusText` is the HTTP status message from the server response
|
||
statusText: 'OK',
|
||
|
||
// `headers` the HTTP headers that the server responded with
|
||
// All header names are lowercase and can be accessed using the bracket notation.
|
||
// Example: `response.headers['content-type']`
|
||
headers: {},
|
||
|
||
// `config` is the config that was provided to `axios` for the request
|
||
config: {},
|
||
|
||
// `request` is the request that generated this response
|
||
// It is the last ClientRequest instance in node.js (in redirects)
|
||
// and an XMLHttpRequest instance in the browser
|
||
request: {}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
When using `then`, you will receive the response as follows:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
axios.get('/user/12345')
|
||
.then(function (response) {
|
||
console.log(response.data);
|
||
console.log(response.status);
|
||
console.log(response.statusText);
|
||
console.log(response.headers);
|
||
console.log(response.config);
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
When using `catch`, or passing a [rejection callback](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise/then) as second parameter of `then`, the response will be available through the `error` object as explained in the [Handling Errors](#handling-errors) section.
|
||
|
||
## Config Defaults
|
||
|
||
You can specify config defaults that will be applied to every request.
|
||
|
||
### Global axios defaults
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
axios.defaults.baseURL = 'https://api.example.com';
|
||
|
||
// Important: If axios is used with multiple domains, the AUTH_TOKEN will be sent to all of them.
|
||
// See below for an example using Custom instance defaults instead.
|
||
axios.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;
|
||
|
||
axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Custom instance defaults
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
// Set config defaults when creating the instance
|
||
const instance = axios.create({
|
||
baseURL: 'https://api.example.com'
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
// Alter defaults after instance has been created
|
||
instance.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Config order of precedence
|
||
|
||
Config will be merged with an order of precedence. The order is library defaults found in [lib/defaults.js](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/lib/defaults/index.js#L28), then `defaults` property of the instance, and finally `config` argument for the request. The latter will take precedence over the former. Here's an example.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
// Create an instance using the config defaults provided by the library
|
||
// At this point the timeout config value is `0` as is the default for the library
|
||
const instance = axios.create();
|
||
|
||
// Override timeout default for the library
|
||
// Now all requests using this instance will wait 2.5 seconds before timing out
|
||
instance.defaults.timeout = 2500;
|
||
|
||
// Override timeout for this request as it's known to take a long time
|
||
instance.get('/longRequest', {
|
||
timeout: 5000
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Interceptors
|
||
|
||
You can intercept requests or responses before they are handled by `then` or `catch`.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
// Add a request interceptor
|
||
axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
|
||
// Do something before request is sent
|
||
return config;
|
||
}, function (error) {
|
||
// Do something with request error
|
||
return Promise.reject(error);
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
// Add a response interceptor
|
||
axios.interceptors.response.use(function (response) {
|
||
// Any status code that lie within the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger
|
||
// Do something with response data
|
||
return response;
|
||
}, function (error) {
|
||
// Any status codes that falls outside the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger
|
||
// Do something with response error
|
||
return Promise.reject(error);
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
If you need to remove an interceptor later you can.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const myInterceptor = axios.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
|
||
axios.interceptors.request.eject(myInterceptor);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
You can also clear all interceptors for requests or responses.
|
||
```js
|
||
const instance = axios.create();
|
||
instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
|
||
instance.interceptors.request.clear(); // Removes interceptors from requests
|
||
instance.interceptors.response.use(function () {/*...*/});
|
||
instance.interceptors.response.clear(); // Removes interceptors from responses
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
You can add interceptors to a custom instance of axios.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const instance = axios.create();
|
||
instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
When you add request interceptors, they are presumed to be asynchronous by default. This can cause a delay
|
||
in the execution of your axios request when the main thread is blocked (a promise is created under the hood for
|
||
the interceptor and your request gets put on the bottom of the call stack). If your request interceptors are synchronous you can add a flag
|
||
to the options object that will tell axios to run the code synchronously and avoid any delays in request execution.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
|
||
config.headers.test = 'I am only a header!';
|
||
return config;
|
||
}, null, { synchronous: true });
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
If you want to execute a particular interceptor based on a runtime check,
|
||
you can add a `runWhen` function to the options object. The interceptor will not be executed **if and only if** the return
|
||
of `runWhen` is `false`. The function will be called with the config
|
||
object (don't forget that you can bind your own arguments to it as well.) This can be handy when you have an
|
||
asynchronous request interceptor that only needs to run at certain times.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
function onGetCall(config) {
|
||
return config.method === 'get';
|
||
}
|
||
axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
|
||
config.headers.test = 'special get headers';
|
||
return config;
|
||
}, null, { runWhen: onGetCall });
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Multiple Interceptors
|
||
|
||
Given you add multiple response interceptors
|
||
and when the response was fulfilled
|
||
- then each interceptor is executed
|
||
- then they are executed in the order they were added
|
||
- then only the last interceptor's result is returned
|
||
- then every interceptor receives the result of its predecessor
|
||
- and when the fulfillment-interceptor throws
|
||
- then the following fulfillment-interceptor is not called
|
||
- then the following rejection-interceptor is called
|
||
- once caught, another following fulfill-interceptor is called again (just like in a promise chain).
|
||
|
||
Read [the interceptor tests](./test/specs/interceptors.spec.js) for seeing all this in code.
|
||
|
||
## Error Types
|
||
|
||
There are many different axios error messages that can appear that can provide basic information about the specifics of the error and where opportunities may lie in debugging.
|
||
|
||
The general structure of axios errors is as follows:
|
||
| Property | Definition |
|
||
| -------- | ---------- |
|
||
| message | A quick summary of the error message and the status it failed with. |
|
||
| name | This defines where the error originated from. For axios, it will always be an 'AxiosError'. |
|
||
| stack | Provides the stack trace of the error. |
|
||
| config | An axios config object with specific instance configurations defined by the user from when the request was made |
|
||
| code | Represents an axios identified error. The table below lists out specific definitions for internal axios error. |
|
||
| status | HTTP response status code. See [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes) for common HTTP response status code meanings.
|
||
|
||
Below is a list of potential axios identified error
|
||
| Code | Definition |
|
||
| -------- | ---------- |
|
||
| ERR_BAD_OPTION_VALUE | Invalid or unsupported value provided in axios configuration. |
|
||
| ERR_BAD_OPTION | Invalid option provided in axios configuration. |
|
||
| ECONNABORTED | Request timed out due to exceeding timeout specified in axios configuration. |
|
||
| ETIMEDOUT | Request timed out due to exceeding default axios timelimit. |
|
||
| ERR_NETWORK | Network-related issue.
|
||
| ERR_FR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS | Request is redirected too many times; exceeds max redirects specified in axios configuration.
|
||
| ERR_DEPRECATED | Deprecated feature or method used in axios.
|
||
| ERR_BAD_RESPONSE | Response cannot be parsed properly or is in an unexpected format.
|
||
| ERR_BAD_REQUEST | Requested has unexpected format or missing required parameters. |
|
||
| ERR_CANCELED | Feature or method is canceled explicitly by the user.
|
||
| ERR_NOT_SUPPORT | Feature or method not supported in the current axios environment.
|
||
| ERR_INVALID_URL | Invalid URL provided for axios request.
|
||
|
||
## Handling Errors
|
||
|
||
the default behavior is to reject every response that returns with a status code that falls out of the range of 2xx and treat it as an error.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
axios.get('/user/12345')
|
||
.catch(function (error) {
|
||
if (error.response) {
|
||
// The request was made and the server responded with a status code
|
||
// that falls out of the range of 2xx
|
||
console.log(error.response.data);
|
||
console.log(error.response.status);
|
||
console.log(error.response.headers);
|
||
} else if (error.request) {
|
||
// The request was made but no response was received
|
||
// `error.request` is an instance of XMLHttpRequest in the browser and an instance of
|
||
// http.ClientRequest in node.js
|
||
console.log(error.request);
|
||
} else {
|
||
// Something happened in setting up the request that triggered an Error
|
||
console.log('Error', error.message);
|
||
}
|
||
console.log(error.config);
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Using the `validateStatus` config option, you can override the default condition (status >= 200 && status < 300) and define HTTP code(s) that should throw an error.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
axios.get('/user/12345', {
|
||
validateStatus: function (status) {
|
||
return status < 500; // Resolve only if the status code is less than 500
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Using `toJSON` you get an object with more information about the HTTP error.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
axios.get('/user/12345')
|
||
.catch(function (error) {
|
||
console.log(error.toJSON());
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Cancellation
|
||
|
||
### AbortController
|
||
|
||
Starting from `v0.22.0` Axios supports AbortController to cancel requests in fetch API way:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const controller = new AbortController();
|
||
|
||
axios.get('/foo/bar', {
|
||
signal: controller.signal
|
||
}).then(function(response) {
|
||
//...
|
||
});
|
||
// cancel the request
|
||
controller.abort()
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### CancelToken `👎deprecated`
|
||
|
||
You can also cancel a request using a *CancelToken*.
|
||
|
||
> The axios cancel token API is based on the withdrawn [cancellable promises proposal](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-cancelable-promises).
|
||
|
||
> This API is deprecated since v0.22.0 and shouldn't be used in new projects
|
||
|
||
You can create a cancel token using the `CancelToken.source` factory as shown below:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;
|
||
const source = CancelToken.source();
|
||
|
||
axios.get('/user/12345', {
|
||
cancelToken: source.token
|
||
}).catch(function (thrown) {
|
||
if (axios.isCancel(thrown)) {
|
||
console.log('Request canceled', thrown.message);
|
||
} else {
|
||
// handle error
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
axios.post('/user/12345', {
|
||
name: 'new name'
|
||
}, {
|
||
cancelToken: source.token
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
// cancel the request (the message parameter is optional)
|
||
source.cancel('Operation canceled by the user.');
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
You can also create a cancel token by passing an executor function to the `CancelToken` constructor:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;
|
||
let cancel;
|
||
|
||
axios.get('/user/12345', {
|
||
cancelToken: new CancelToken(function executor(c) {
|
||
// An executor function receives a cancel function as a parameter
|
||
cancel = c;
|
||
})
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
// cancel the request
|
||
cancel();
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
> **Note:** you can cancel several requests with the same cancel token/abort controller.
|
||
> If a cancellation token is already cancelled at the moment of starting an Axios request, then the request is cancelled immediately, without any attempts to make a real request.
|
||
|
||
> During the transition period, you can use both cancellation APIs, even for the same request:
|
||
|
||
## Using `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` format
|
||
|
||
### URLSearchParams
|
||
|
||
By default, axios serializes JavaScript objects to `JSON`. To send data in the [`application/x-www-form-urlencoded` format](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods/POST) instead, you can use the [`URLSearchParams`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/URLSearchParams) API, which is [supported](http://www.caniuse.com/#feat=urlsearchparams) in the vast majority of browsers,and [ Node](https://nodejs.org/api/url.html#url_class_urlsearchparams) starting with v10 (released in 2018).
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const params = new URLSearchParams({ foo: 'bar' });
|
||
params.append('extraparam', 'value');
|
||
axios.post('/foo', params);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Query string (Older browsers)
|
||
|
||
For compatibility with very old browsers, there is a [polyfill](https://github.com/WebReflection/url-search-params) available (make sure to polyfill the global environment).
|
||
|
||
Alternatively, you can encode data using the [`qs`](https://github.com/ljharb/qs) library:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const qs = require('qs');
|
||
axios.post('/foo', qs.stringify({ 'bar': 123 }));
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Or in another way (ES6),
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
import qs from 'qs';
|
||
const data = { 'bar': 123 };
|
||
const options = {
|
||
method: 'POST',
|
||
headers: { 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' },
|
||
data: qs.stringify(data),
|
||
url,
|
||
};
|
||
axios(options);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Older Node.js versions
|
||
|
||
For older Node.js engines, you can use the [`querystring`](https://nodejs.org/api/querystring.html) module as follows:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const querystring = require('querystring');
|
||
axios.post('https://something.com/', querystring.stringify({ foo: 'bar' }));
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
You can also use the [`qs`](https://github.com/ljharb/qs) library.
|
||
|
||
> **Note**: The `qs` library is preferable if you need to stringify nested objects, as the `querystring` method has [known issues](https://github.com/nodejs/node-v0.x-archive/issues/1665) with that use case.
|
||
|
||
### 🆕 Automatic serialization to URLSearchParams
|
||
|
||
Axios will automatically serialize the data object to urlencoded format if the content-type header is set to "application/x-www-form-urlencoded".
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const data = {
|
||
x: 1,
|
||
arr: [1, 2, 3],
|
||
arr2: [1, [2], 3],
|
||
users: [{name: 'Peter', surname: 'Griffin'}, {name: 'Thomas', surname: 'Anderson'}],
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
await axios.postForm('https://postman-echo.com/post', data,
|
||
{headers: {'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}}
|
||
);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The server will handle it as:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
{
|
||
x: '1',
|
||
'arr[]': [ '1', '2', '3' ],
|
||
'arr2[0]': '1',
|
||
'arr2[1][0]': '2',
|
||
'arr2[2]': '3',
|
||
'arr3[]': [ '1', '2', '3' ],
|
||
'users[0][name]': 'Peter',
|
||
'users[0][surname]': 'griffin',
|
||
'users[1][name]': 'Thomas',
|
||
'users[1][surname]': 'Anderson'
|
||
}
|
||
````
|
||
|
||
If your backend body-parser (like `body-parser` of `express.js`) supports nested objects decoding, you will get the same object on the server-side automatically
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
var app = express();
|
||
|
||
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true })); // support encoded bodies
|
||
|
||
app.post('/', function (req, res, next) {
|
||
// echo body as JSON
|
||
res.send(JSON.stringify(req.body));
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
server = app.listen(3000);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Using `multipart/form-data` format
|
||
|
||
### FormData
|
||
|
||
To send the data as a `multipart/formdata` you need to pass a formData instance as a payload.
|
||
Setting the `Content-Type` header is not required as Axios guesses it based on the payload type.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const formData = new FormData();
|
||
formData.append('foo', 'bar');
|
||
|
||
axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', formData);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
In node.js, you can use the [`form-data`](https://github.com/form-data/form-data) library as follows:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const FormData = require('form-data');
|
||
|
||
const form = new FormData();
|
||
form.append('my_field', 'my value');
|
||
form.append('my_buffer', new Buffer(10));
|
||
form.append('my_file', fs.createReadStream('/foo/bar.jpg'));
|
||
|
||
axios.post('https://example.com', form)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 🆕 Automatic serialization to FormData
|
||
|
||
Starting from `v0.27.0`, Axios supports automatic object serialization to a FormData object if the request `Content-Type`
|
||
header is set to `multipart/form-data`.
|
||
|
||
The following request will submit the data in a FormData format (Browser & Node.js):
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
import axios from 'axios';
|
||
|
||
axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', {x: 1}, {
|
||
headers: {
|
||
'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data'
|
||
}
|
||
}).then(({data}) => console.log(data));
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
In the `node.js` build, the ([`form-data`](https://github.com/form-data/form-data)) polyfill is used by default.
|
||
|
||
You can overload the FormData class by setting the `env.FormData` config variable,
|
||
but you probably won't need it in most cases:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const axios = require('axios');
|
||
var FormData = require('form-data');
|
||
|
||
axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', {x: 1, buf: new Buffer(10)}, {
|
||
headers: {
|
||
'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data'
|
||
}
|
||
}).then(({data}) => console.log(data));
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Axios FormData serializer supports some special endings to perform the following operations:
|
||
|
||
- `{}` - serialize the value with JSON.stringify
|
||
- `[]` - unwrap the array-like object as separate fields with the same key
|
||
|
||
> **Note**: unwrap/expand operation will be used by default on arrays and FileList objects
|
||
|
||
FormData serializer supports additional options via `config.formSerializer: object` property to handle rare cases:
|
||
|
||
- `visitor: Function` - user-defined visitor function that will be called recursively to serialize the data object
|
||
to a `FormData` object by following custom rules.
|
||
|
||
- `dots: boolean = false` - use dot notation instead of brackets to serialize arrays and objects;
|
||
|
||
- `metaTokens: boolean = true` - add the special ending (e.g `user{}: '{"name": "John"}'`) in the FormData key.
|
||
The back-end body-parser could potentially use this meta-information to automatically parse the value as JSON.
|
||
|
||
- `indexes: null|false|true = false` - controls how indexes will be added to unwrapped keys of `flat` array-like objects
|
||
|
||
- `null` - don't add brackets (`arr: 1`, `arr: 2`, `arr: 3`)
|
||
- `false`(default) - add empty brackets (`arr[]: 1`, `arr[]: 2`, `arr[]: 3`)
|
||
- `true` - add brackets with indexes (`arr[0]: 1`, `arr[1]: 2`, `arr[2]: 3`)
|
||
|
||
Let's say we have an object like this one:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const obj = {
|
||
x: 1,
|
||
arr: [1, 2, 3],
|
||
arr2: [1, [2], 3],
|
||
users: [{name: 'Peter', surname: 'Griffin'}, {name: 'Thomas', surname: 'Anderson'}],
|
||
'obj2{}': [{x:1}]
|
||
};
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The following steps will be executed by the Axios serializer internally:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const formData = new FormData();
|
||
formData.append('x', '1');
|
||
formData.append('arr[]', '1');
|
||
formData.append('arr[]', '2');
|
||
formData.append('arr[]', '3');
|
||
formData.append('arr2[0]', '1');
|
||
formData.append('arr2[1][0]', '2');
|
||
formData.append('arr2[2]', '3');
|
||
formData.append('users[0][name]', 'Peter');
|
||
formData.append('users[0][surname]', 'Griffin');
|
||
formData.append('users[1][name]', 'Thomas');
|
||
formData.append('users[1][surname]', 'Anderson');
|
||
formData.append('obj2{}', '[{"x":1}]');
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Axios supports the following shortcut methods: `postForm`, `putForm`, `patchForm`
|
||
which are just the corresponding http methods with the `Content-Type` header preset to `multipart/form-data`.
|
||
|
||
## Files Posting
|
||
|
||
You can easily submit a single file:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', {
|
||
'myVar' : 'foo',
|
||
'file': document.querySelector('#fileInput').files[0]
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
or multiple files as `multipart/form-data`:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', {
|
||
'files[]': document.querySelector('#fileInput').files
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
`FileList` object can be passed directly:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', document.querySelector('#fileInput').files)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
All files will be sent with the same field names: `files[]`.
|
||
|
||
## 🆕 HTML Form Posting (browser)
|
||
|
||
Pass HTML Form element as a payload to submit it as `multipart/form-data` content.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', document.querySelector('#htmlForm'));
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
`FormData` and `HTMLForm` objects can also be posted as `JSON` by explicitly setting the `Content-Type` header to `application/json`:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
await axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', document.querySelector('#htmlForm'), {
|
||
headers: {
|
||
'Content-Type': 'application/json'
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
For example, the Form
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<form id="form">
|
||
<input type="text" name="foo" value="1">
|
||
<input type="text" name="deep.prop" value="2">
|
||
<input type="text" name="deep prop spaced" value="3">
|
||
<input type="text" name="baz" value="4">
|
||
<input type="text" name="baz" value="5">
|
||
|
||
<select name="user.age">
|
||
<option value="value1">Value 1</option>
|
||
<option value="value2" selected>Value 2</option>
|
||
<option value="value3">Value 3</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
|
||
<input type="submit" value="Save">
|
||
</form>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
will be submitted as the following JSON object:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
{
|
||
"foo": "1",
|
||
"deep": {
|
||
"prop": {
|
||
"spaced": "3"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"baz": [
|
||
"4",
|
||
"5"
|
||
],
|
||
"user": {
|
||
"age": "value2"
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
````
|
||
|
||
Sending `Blobs`/`Files` as JSON (`base64`) is not currently supported.
|
||
|
||
## 🆕 Progress capturing
|
||
|
||
Axios supports both browser and node environments to capture request upload/download progress.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
await axios.post(url, data, {
|
||
onUploadProgress: function (axiosProgressEvent) {
|
||
/*{
|
||
loaded: number;
|
||
total?: number;
|
||
progress?: number; // in range [0..1]
|
||
bytes: number; // how many bytes have been transferred since the last trigger (delta)
|
||
estimated?: number; // estimated time in seconds
|
||
rate?: number; // upload speed in bytes
|
||
upload: true; // upload sign
|
||
}*/
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
onDownloadProgress: function (axiosProgressEvent) {
|
||
/*{
|
||
loaded: number;
|
||
total?: number;
|
||
progress?: number;
|
||
bytes: number;
|
||
estimated?: number;
|
||
rate?: number; // download speed in bytes
|
||
download: true; // download sign
|
||
}*/
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
You can also track stream upload/download progress in node.js:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const {data} = await axios.post(SERVER_URL, readableStream, {
|
||
onUploadProgress: ({progress}) => {
|
||
console.log((progress * 100).toFixed(2));
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
headers: {
|
||
'Content-Length': contentLength
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
maxRedirects: 0 // avoid buffering the entire stream
|
||
});
|
||
````
|
||
|
||
> **Note:**
|
||
> Capturing FormData upload progress is not currently supported in node.js environments.
|
||
|
||
> **⚠️ Warning**
|
||
> It is recommended to disable redirects by setting maxRedirects: 0 to upload the stream in the **node.js** environment,
|
||
> as follow-redirects package will buffer the entire stream in RAM without following the "backpressure" algorithm.
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 🆕 Rate limiting
|
||
|
||
Download and upload rate limits can only be set for the http adapter (node.js):
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const {data} = await axios.post(LOCAL_SERVER_URL, myBuffer, {
|
||
onUploadProgress: ({progress, rate}) => {
|
||
console.log(`Upload [${(progress*100).toFixed(2)}%]: ${(rate / 1024).toFixed(2)}KB/s`)
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
maxRate: [100 * 1024], // 100KB/s limit
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 🆕 AxiosHeaders
|
||
|
||
Axios has its own `AxiosHeaders` class to manipulate headers using a Map-like API that guarantees caseless work.
|
||
Although HTTP is case-insensitive in headers, Axios will retain the case of the original header for stylistic reasons
|
||
and for a workaround when servers mistakenly consider the header's case.
|
||
The old approach of directly manipulating headers object is still available, but deprecated and not recommended for future usage.
|
||
|
||
### Working with headers
|
||
|
||
An AxiosHeaders object instance can contain different types of internal values. that control setting and merging logic.
|
||
The final headers object with string values is obtained by Axios by calling the `toJSON` method.
|
||
|
||
> Note: By JSON here we mean an object consisting only of string values intended to be sent over the network.
|
||
|
||
The header value can be one of the following types:
|
||
- `string` - normal string value that will be sent to the server
|
||
- `null` - skip header when rendering to JSON
|
||
- `false` - skip header when rendering to JSON, additionally indicates that `set` method must be called with `rewrite` option set to `true`
|
||
to overwrite this value (Axios uses this internally to allow users to opt out of installing certain headers like `User-Agent` or `Content-Type`)
|
||
- `undefined` - value is not set
|
||
|
||
> Note: The header value is considered set if it is not equal to undefined.
|
||
|
||
The headers object is always initialized inside interceptors and transformers:
|
||
|
||
```ts
|
||
axios.interceptors.request.use((request: InternalAxiosRequestConfig) => {
|
||
request.headers.set('My-header', 'value');
|
||
|
||
request.headers.set({
|
||
"My-set-header1": "my-set-value1",
|
||
"My-set-header2": "my-set-value2"
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
request.headers.set('User-Agent', false); // disable subsequent setting the header by Axios
|
||
|
||
request.headers.setContentType('text/plain');
|
||
|
||
request.headers['My-set-header2'] = 'newValue' // direct access is deprecated
|
||
|
||
return request;
|
||
}
|
||
);
|
||
````
|
||
|
||
You can iterate over an `AxiosHeaders` instance using a `for...of` statement:
|
||
|
||
````js
|
||
const headers = new AxiosHeaders({
|
||
foo: '1',
|
||
bar: '2',
|
||
baz: '3'
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
for(const [header, value] of headers) {
|
||
console.log(header, value);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// foo 1
|
||
// bar 2
|
||
// baz 3
|
||
````
|
||
|
||
### new AxiosHeaders(headers?)
|
||
|
||
Constructs a new `AxiosHeaders` instance.
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
constructor(headers?: RawAxiosHeaders | AxiosHeaders | string);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
If the headers object is a string, it will be parsed as RAW HTTP headers.
|
||
|
||
````js
|
||
const headers = new AxiosHeaders(`
|
||
Host: www.bing.com
|
||
User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
|
||
Accept: */*`);
|
||
|
||
console.log(headers);
|
||
|
||
// Object [AxiosHeaders] {
|
||
// host: 'www.bing.com',
|
||
// 'user-agent': 'curl/7.54.0',
|
||
// accept: '*/*'
|
||
// }
|
||
````
|
||
|
||
### AxiosHeaders#set
|
||
|
||
```ts
|
||
set(headerName, value: Axios, rewrite?: boolean);
|
||
set(headerName, value, rewrite?: (this: AxiosHeaders, value: string, name: string, headers: RawAxiosHeaders) => boolean);
|
||
set(headers?: RawAxiosHeaders | AxiosHeaders | string, rewrite?: boolean);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The `rewrite` argument controls the overwriting behavior:
|
||
- `false` - do not overwrite if header's value is set (is not `undefined`)
|
||
- `undefined` (default) - overwrite the header unless its value is set to `false`
|
||
- `true` - rewrite anyway
|
||
|
||
The option can also accept a user-defined function that determines whether the value should be overwritten or not.
|
||
|
||
Returns `this`.
|
||
|
||
### AxiosHeaders#get(header)
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
get(headerName: string, matcher?: true | AxiosHeaderMatcher): AxiosHeaderValue;
|
||
get(headerName: string, parser: RegExp): RegExpExecArray | null;
|
||
````
|
||
|
||
Returns the internal value of the header. It can take an extra argument to parse the header's value with `RegExp.exec`,
|
||
matcher function or internal key-value parser.
|
||
|
||
```ts
|
||
const headers = new AxiosHeaders({
|
||
'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data; boundary=Asrf456BGe4h'
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
console.log(headers.get('Content-Type'));
|
||
// multipart/form-data; boundary=Asrf456BGe4h
|
||
|
||
console.log(headers.get('Content-Type', true)); // parse key-value pairs from a string separated with \s,;= delimiters:
|
||
// [Object: null prototype] {
|
||
// 'multipart/form-data': undefined,
|
||
// boundary: 'Asrf456BGe4h'
|
||
// }
|
||
|
||
|
||
console.log(headers.get('Content-Type', (value, name, headers) => {
|
||
return String(value).replace(/a/g, 'ZZZ');
|
||
}));
|
||
// multipZZZrt/form-dZZZtZZZ; boundZZZry=Asrf456BGe4h
|
||
|
||
console.log(headers.get('Content-Type', /boundary=(\w+)/)?.[0]);
|
||
// boundary=Asrf456BGe4h
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Returns the value of the header.
|
||
|
||
### AxiosHeaders#has(header, matcher?)
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
has(header: string, matcher?: AxiosHeaderMatcher): boolean;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Returns `true` if the header is set (has no `undefined` value).
|
||
|
||
### AxiosHeaders#delete(header, matcher?)
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
delete(header: string | string[], matcher?: AxiosHeaderMatcher): boolean;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Returns `true` if at least one header has been removed.
|
||
|
||
### AxiosHeaders#clear(matcher?)
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
clear(matcher?: AxiosHeaderMatcher): boolean;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Removes all headers.
|
||
Unlike the `delete` method matcher, this optional matcher will be used to match against the header name rather than the value.
|
||
|
||
```ts
|
||
const headers = new AxiosHeaders({
|
||
'foo': '1',
|
||
'x-foo': '2',
|
||
'x-bar': '3',
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
console.log(headers.clear(/^x-/)); // true
|
||
|
||
console.log(headers.toJSON()); // [Object: null prototype] { foo: '1' }
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Returns `true` if at least one header has been cleared.
|
||
|
||
### AxiosHeaders#normalize(format);
|
||
|
||
If the headers object was changed directly, it can have duplicates with the same name but in different cases.
|
||
This method normalizes the headers object by combining duplicate keys into one.
|
||
Axios uses this method internally after calling each interceptor.
|
||
Set `format` to true for converting headers name to lowercase and capitalize the initial letters (`cOntEnt-type` => `Content-Type`)
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const headers = new AxiosHeaders({
|
||
'foo': '1',
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
headers.Foo = '2';
|
||
headers.FOO = '3';
|
||
|
||
console.log(headers.toJSON()); // [Object: null prototype] { foo: '1', Foo: '2', FOO: '3' }
|
||
console.log(headers.normalize().toJSON()); // [Object: null prototype] { foo: '3' }
|
||
console.log(headers.normalize(true).toJSON()); // [Object: null prototype] { Foo: '3' }
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Returns `this`.
|
||
|
||
### AxiosHeaders#concat(...targets)
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
concat(...targets: Array<AxiosHeaders | RawAxiosHeaders | string | undefined | null>): AxiosHeaders;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Merges the instance with targets into a new `AxiosHeaders` instance. If the target is a string, it will be parsed as RAW HTTP headers.
|
||
|
||
Returns a new `AxiosHeaders` instance.
|
||
|
||
### AxiosHeaders#toJSON(asStrings?)
|
||
|
||
````
|
||
toJSON(asStrings?: boolean): RawAxiosHeaders;
|
||
````
|
||
|
||
Resolve all internal headers values into a new null prototype object.
|
||
Set `asStrings` to true to resolve arrays as a string containing all elements, separated by commas.
|
||
|
||
### AxiosHeaders.from(thing?)
|
||
|
||
````
|
||
from(thing?: AxiosHeaders | RawAxiosHeaders | string): AxiosHeaders;
|
||
````
|
||
|
||
Returns a new `AxiosHeaders` instance created from the raw headers passed in,
|
||
or simply returns the given headers object if it's an `AxiosHeaders` instance.
|
||
|
||
### AxiosHeaders.concat(...targets)
|
||
|
||
````
|
||
concat(...targets: Array<AxiosHeaders | RawAxiosHeaders | string | undefined | null>): AxiosHeaders;
|
||
````
|
||
|
||
Returns a new `AxiosHeaders` instance created by merging the target objects.
|
||
|
||
### Shortcuts
|
||
|
||
The following shortcuts are available:
|
||
|
||
- `setContentType`, `getContentType`, `hasContentType`
|
||
|
||
- `setContentLength`, `getContentLength`, `hasContentLength`
|
||
|
||
- `setAccept`, `getAccept`, `hasAccept`
|
||
|
||
- `setUserAgent`, `getUserAgent`, `hasUserAgent`
|
||
|
||
- `setContentEncoding`, `getContentEncoding`, `hasContentEncoding`
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Semver
|
||
|
||
Until axios reaches a `1.0` release, breaking changes will be released with a new minor version. For example `0.5.1`, and `0.5.4` will have the same API, but `0.6.0` will have breaking changes.
|
||
|
||
## Promises
|
||
|
||
axios depends on a native ES6 Promise implementation to be [supported](https://caniuse.com/promises).
|
||
If your environment doesn't support ES6 Promises, you can [polyfill](https://github.com/jakearchibald/es6-promise).
|
||
|
||
## TypeScript
|
||
|
||
axios includes [TypeScript](https://typescriptlang.org) definitions and a type guard for axios errors.
|
||
|
||
```typescript
|
||
let user: User = null;
|
||
try {
|
||
const { data } = await axios.get('/user?ID=12345');
|
||
user = data.userDetails;
|
||
} catch (error) {
|
||
if (axios.isAxiosError(error)) {
|
||
handleAxiosError(error);
|
||
} else {
|
||
handleUnexpectedError(error);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Because axios dual publishes with an ESM default export and a CJS `module.exports`, there are some caveats.
|
||
The recommended setting is to use `"moduleResolution": "node16"` (this is implied by `"module": "node16"`). Note that this requires TypeScript 4.7 or greater.
|
||
If use ESM, your settings should be fine.
|
||
If you compile TypeScript to CJS and you can’t use `"moduleResolution": "node 16"`, you have to enable `esModuleInterop`.
|
||
If you use TypeScript to type check CJS JavaScript code, your only option is to use `"moduleResolution": "node16"`.
|
||
|
||
## Online one-click setup
|
||
|
||
You can use Gitpod, an online IDE(which is free for Open Source) for contributing or running the examples online.
|
||
|
||
[](https://gitpod.io/#https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/main/examples/server.js)
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Resources
|
||
|
||
* [Changelog](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/v1.x/CHANGELOG.md)
|
||
* [Ecosystem](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/v1.x/ECOSYSTEM.md)
|
||
* [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/v1.x/CONTRIBUTING.md)
|
||
* [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/v1.x/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)
|
||
|
||
## Credits
|
||
|
||
axios is heavily inspired by the [$http service](https://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng/service/$http) provided in [AngularJS](https://angularjs.org/). Ultimately axios is an effort to provide a standalone `$http`-like service for use outside of AngularJS.
|
||
|
||
## License
|
||
|
||
[MIT](LICENSE)
|